Кумек:ИФА/Итал

Гьаб буго абулеб къагӀидаялъул кӀул Википедиялда Итал мацӀалъул ХФА транскрипциялъе.

Гьелда жаниб буго Википедиялъул макъалабазулӀ Итал мацӀалъул текстал цӀалулеб къагӀидаялъул транскрипция бихьизабиялъе симболазул гӀамм ва мисалалъе рагӀаб, жидеца гьезие данде кколел гьаркьал рихьизарулел. Гьанире регӀун ругел кӀулалда ва транскрипцияздаги гьоркьоб цохӀал цӀунизе ккола; цониги симбол хисизабуге гьаниб, цин бахӀсалъул гьумералда консенсусалде рачӀинчӀого.

ИФАлъул гӀужразул байбихьул нухмалъал рихьизе ралагье Квеки:ИФА. [ ], / / яги ⟨ ⟩ малъазда гьоркьоб батІалъи лъазе, ралагье ИФА § Малъал ва транскрипциялъул рикьел.

H:IPA-IT
H:IPAIT
H:IPAITA

Гъоркьехун кьурал диаграммабаз бихьизабула Халкъаздагьоркьосеб фонетикияб алипбаялъ стандартияб итал мацӀалъул абулеб къагӀида Википедиялъул макъалабазулӀ кьолеб къагӀида. ХФА ишараби Википедиялъул макъалабазде жураялъул нухмалъиялъул ралагье {{IPA-it}}, {{IPAc-it}}.

Ралагье итал фонологиялъухъ ва итал ортографиялъухъ итал гьаркьазул хӀакъалъулӀ цӀикӀкӀун лъазе.

Рагьукъал^[1]
ХФА	Мисалал	Аваралде гӀагар
b	banca, cibo	бакъ
d	dove, idra, dado	дун
dz	zaino, azalea, mezzo^[2]^[3]	dads
dʒ	gelo, giù, magia, judo, gadget	джинсал
f	fatto, cifra, phon	фара
ɡ	gatto, agro, ghetto, glicosio^[4]	габур
j	ieri, saio, più, Jesi, yacht, news	йиго
k	cosa, acuto, finché, quei, kiwi, koala	кету
l	lato, tela, glicosio^[4]	лалу
ʎ	figli, glielo, maglia^[3]	биллион
m	mano, amare, input^[5]	моцӀ
ɱ	anfibio, invece^[5]	комфорт
n	nano, punto, pensare, mangiare^[5]	нус
ŋ	unghia, anche, dunque^[5]	аналог гьечӀо, гӀ-ш. цинги
ɲ	gnocco, ogni^[3]^[5]	канйон
p	primo, ampio, apertura	парс
r	Roma, quattro, morte^[6]	ракӀ
s	sano, scusa, presentire, pasto^[7]	sorry
ʃ	scena, scià, pesci, flash, chic^[3]	shoe
t	tranne, mito, altro, thai	star
ts	zio, sozzo, marzo^[2]^[3]	cats
tʃ	certo, ciao, farmacia, chip	check
v	vado, povero, watt	vent
w	uova, guado, qui, week-end	wine
z	sbirro, presentare, asma^[7]	amazon
Non-native consonants
h	hobby, hertz^[8]	house
θ	Thatcher, Pérez^[9]	thing
x	jota, Bach, khamsin^[10]	loch (Scottish English)
ʒ	Fuji, garage, casual	vision

Рагьарал^[11]
ХФА	Мисалал	Аваралде гӀагар
a	alto, sarà, must	аби́
e	vero, perché, liaison	fade
ɛ	etto, cioè, spread	bed
i	viso, sì, zia, feed, team, sexy	ski
o	ombra, otto, show, coach	story
ɔ	otto, sarò, Sean	off
u	usi, ragù, tuo, tour	rule
Жиндирго-гурел рагьарал
ø	viveur, goethiano, Churchill^[12]	murder (RP)
y	parure, brûlé, Führer^[13]	future (Scottish English)

Suprasegmentals
ХФА	Мисалал	Баян
ˈ	Cennini [tʃenˈniːni]	тӀоцебесеб кьабизаби
ˌ	altamente [ˌaltaˈmente]	кӀиабилеб кьабизаби^[14]
.	continuo [konˈtiːnu.o]	гьижа бикьи
ː	primo [ˈpriːmo]	халатаб рагьараб^[15]

Баянкьелал

^ Except /z/, all consonants after a vowel and before /r/, /l/, a vowel or a semivowel may be geminated. Gemination in IPA is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfatto], mezzo [ˈmɛddzo]), and can usually be told from orthography. After stressed vowels and certain prepositions and conjunctions, word-initial consonants also become geminated (syntactic gemination): va via [ˌva vˈviːa].
^ ^a ^b ⟨z⟩ represents both /ts/ and /dz/. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e /ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
^ ^a ^b ⟨gli⟩ represents /ʎ/ or /ʎi/, except in roots of Greek origin, when preceded by another consonant, and in a few other words, where it represents /ɡli/.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e A nasal always assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant. It is bilabial [m] before /p, b, m/, labiodental [ɱ] before /f, v/, dental, alveolar or postalveolar [n] before /t, d, ts, dz, tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, l, r/, and velar [ŋ] before /k, ɡ/. Utterance-finally, it is always [n].
^ Non-geminate /r/ is generally realised as a monovibrant trill or tap [ɾ], particularly in unstressed syllables.
^ ^a ^b /s/ and /z/ contrast only intervocalically. Word-initially, after consonants, when geminated, and before voiceless consonants, only [s] is found. Before voiced consonants, only [z] is found.
^ /h/ is usually dropped.
^ /θ/ is usually pronounced as [t] in English loanwords, and [dz], [ts] (if spelled ⟨z⟩) or [s] (if spelled ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩) in Spanish ones.
^ In Spanish loanwords, /x/ is usually pronounced as [h] or [k] or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced [k].
^ Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels /ɛ, ɔ/ can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto [koˈpɛrto], quota [ˈkwɔːta]), close-mid vowels /e, o/ are found elsewhere (Boccaccio [bokˈkattʃo], amore [aˈmoːre]). Close and open vowels /i, u, a/ are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed /i/ may become approximant [j] before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età [ˌparj eˈta]).
^ Open-mid [œ] or close-mid [ø] if it is stressed but usually [ø] if it is unstressed. May be replaced by [ɛ] (stressed) or [e] (stressed or unstressed).
^ /y/ is often pronounced as [u] or [ju].
^ Since Italian has no distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
^ Primarily stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato [ˈfaːto], fatto [ˈfatto].

ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе

Bertinetto, Pier Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005). "The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 35 (2): 131–151. doi:10.1017/S0025100305002148.
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004). "Italian" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 34 (1): 117–121. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628.

External links

Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia [not based on IPA]
Dizionario di pronuncia italiana online by Luciano Canepari [phonemic, based on IPA]

Халип:IPA keys

[1] Except /z/, all consonants after a vowel and before /r/, /l/, a vowel or a semivowel may be geminated. Gemination in IPA is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfatto], mezzo [ˈmɛddzo]), and can usually be told from orthography. After stressed vowels and certain prepositions and conjunctions, word-initial consonants also become geminated (syntactic gemination): va via [ˌva vˈviːa].

[z-2] ⟨z⟩ represents both /ts/ and /dz/. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.

[geminated-3] /ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ/ are always geminated after a vowel.

[gli-4] ⟨gli⟩ represents /ʎ/ or /ʎi/, except in roots of Greek origin, when preceded by another consonant, and in a few other words, where it represents /ɡli/.

[nasal-5] A nasal always assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant. It is bilabial [m] before /p, b, m/, labiodental [ɱ] before /f, v/, dental, alveolar or postalveolar [n] before /t, d, ts, dz, tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, l, r/, and velar [ŋ] before /k, ɡ/. Utterance-finally, it is always [n].

[6] Non-geminate /r/ is generally realised as a monovibrant trill or tap [ɾ], particularly in unstressed syllables.

[s-z-7] /s/ and /z/ contrast only intervocalically. Word-initially, after consonants, when geminated, and before voiceless consonants, only [s] is found. Before voiced consonants, only [z] is found.

[8] /h/ is usually dropped.

[9] /θ/ is usually pronounced as [t] in English loanwords, and [dz], [ts] (if spelled ⟨z⟩) or [s] (if spelled ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩) in Spanish ones.

[10] In Spanish loanwords, /x/ is usually pronounced as [h] or [k] or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced [k].

[11] Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels /ɛ, ɔ/ can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto [koˈpɛrto], quota [ˈkwɔːta]), close-mid vowels /e, o/ are found elsewhere (Boccaccio [bokˈkattʃo], amore [aˈmoːre]). Close and open vowels /i, u, a/ are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed /i/ may become approximant [j] before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età [ˌparj eˈta]).

[12] Open-mid [œ] or close-mid [ø] if it is stressed but usually [ø] if it is unstressed. May be replaced by [ɛ] (stressed) or [e] (stressed or unstressed).

[13] /y/ is often pronounced as [u] or [ju].

[14] Since Italian has no distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.

[15] Primarily stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato [ˈfaːto], fatto [ˈfatto].

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