Индо-европиял мацӀал
Гьиндгин европияб | |
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Географияб тӀибитӀи | Пре-колониалияб эра: Евразия ва шималияб Африка Жакъа къоялъ: ТӀолгодунял гІ-ш. 3.2 миллиард чи |
Лингвистикияб классификация | Дунялалда аслиял мацӀазул хъизаназдаса цояб |
Инс-мацӀ | Прото-гьиндевропияб |
Гъоркьрикьи |
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ISO 639-2 / 5 | ine |
Glottolog | indo1319 |
Жакъа къоялъ Евразиялда гьиндгин европиял мацӀазул тӀибитӀи:
Гьиндигн европиял гурел мацӀал
Пунктириял/мухъахарал бакӀаз рихьизарулел руго гӀемер мацӀлъи бугел районал (карта кӀодо гьабидал мухӀканго бихьула). | |
Notes |
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Гьиндгин европиял мацӀал — мацӀазул хъизан, жиб миллияб Европаялда, Ираналъул тӀалъиялда ва Гьиндустаналъул субконтиненталъул шималалда ругел цӀикӀкӀаниссезе. Гьеб хъизаналъул цо-цо европиял мацӀал, ингилис, паранс, португал, гӀурус, дан, гьоллнад ва испан гӀадал, гӀатӀидго тӀиритӀана колониализм сабаблъун, ва жакъа къоялъ гьел мацӀазда кӀалъала чанго континентазда. Гьиндгин европияб хъизан бикьула чанго гӀаркьелалде яги гъоркь-хъизаналде, жидер микьго группа бугеб жакъа къоялде чӀаго ругел мацӀалгун: албан, армен, балтгин славиял, келтиял, германиял, гьелленияб, гьиндгин ираниял ва италиял; жеги анлӀго гӀаркьел буго хвараб.
Жакъа къоялъ бищун тӀиритӀарал руго ингилис, гьинд, испан, бенгал, паранс, гӀурус, португал, герман, парс, пенджаб мацӀал, гьезул щибалда кӀалъала 100 миллионалдаса цӀикӀкӀун чи. ГӀемерисел цогидал гьиндоевропиял мацӀазда кӀалъалезул къадар буго дагьаб, гьел мацӀалги руго тӀагӀиналъул хӀинкъи бугел.
Баянкьелал
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]МугъчӀваял
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]Цитатаби
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]Иццал
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]- Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0.
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- Schleicher, August (1861). Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen (in немецкий). Weimar: Böhlau (reprinted by Minerva GmbH, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag). ISBN 978-3-8102-1071-5.
- Szemerényi, Oswald; Jones, David; Jones, Irene (1999). Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823870-6.
- von Bradke, Peter (1890). Über Methode und Ergebnisse der arischen (indogermanischen) Alterthumswissenshaft (in немецкий). Giessen: J. Ricker'che Buchhandlung.
ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]- Beekes, Robert S. P. (1995). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Chakrabarti, Byomkes (1994). A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali. Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 978-81-7074-128-2.
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- Kroonen, Guus; Mallory, James P.; Comrie, Bernard, редл. (2018). Talking Neolithic: Proceedings of the Workshop on Indo-European Origins held at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, December 2-3, 2013. JIES Monograph No. 65. ISBN 978-0-9983669-2-0.
- Markey, T. L.; Repanšek, Luka, редл. (2020). Revisiting Dispersions Celtic and Germanic ca. 400 BC – ca. 400 AD Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference held at Dolenjski muzej, Novo mesto, Slovenia; October 12th – 14th, 2018. JIES Monograph No. 67. ISBN 978-0-9845353-7-8.
КъватӀисел регӀелал
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]Халип:EB1911 Poster Халип:Library resources box
Баянбаза
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]- Dyen, Isidore; Kruskal, Joseph; Black, Paul (1997). "Comparative Indo-European". wordgumbo. Щвей 13 December 2009.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - "Indo-European". LLOW Languages of the World. Архивация оригинал (10 October 2017). Щвей 14 December 2009.
{{cite web}}
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ва|archive-date=
(help) - "Indo-European Documentation Center". Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Архивация оригинал (3 September 2009). Щвей 14 December 2009.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - Lewis, M. Paul, ред. (2009). "Language Family Trees: Indo-European". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Online version (Sixteenth ред.). Dallas, Tex.: SIL International..
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{{cite web}}
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(help) - "Indo-European Lexical Cognacy Database (IELex)". Uppsala University, Uppsala. 2021.
- glottothèque - Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of introductory videos to Ancient Indo-European languages produced by the University of Göttingen
Лексика
[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]- "Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED)". Leiden, Netherlands: Department of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics, Leiden University. Архивация оригинал (7 February 2006). Щвей 14 December 2009.
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ва|archive-date=
(help) - "Indo-European Roots Index". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth ред.). Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. August 22, 2008 [2000]. Архивация оригинал (February 17, 2009). Щвей 9 December 2009.
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,|date=
, ва|archive-date=
(help) - Köbler, Gerhard (2014). Indogermanisches Wörterbuch (in немецкий) (5th ред.). Gerhard Köbler. Щвей 29 March 2015.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Schalin, Johan (2009). "Lexicon of Early Indo-European Loanwords Preserved in Finnish". Johan Schalin. Щвей 9 December 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(help)
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- Гьиндгин европиял мацӀал
- Гьиндгин европиял
- МацӀазул хъизанал