Берлин

Berlin
Berlin
Capital city, state and municipality
	Berlin
	Халип:Infobox settlement/columns
	Germany#Europe: жеги гьечӀо позиционияб карта.
	Coordinates: Ошибка Lua в Модуль:ISO_3166 на строке 279: attempt to call local 'coordinsert' (a nil value).
Country	Germany
State	Berlin
Government
• Body	Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin
• Governing Mayor	Franziska Giffey (Халип:Polparty)
Area
• City/State	Халип:Infobox settlement/areadisp
Elevation	Халип:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp
Population (31 December 2020)
• City/State	3 769 495
• Density	Халип:Infobox settlement/densdisp
• Urban	4 473 101
• Urban density	Халип:Infobox settlement/densdisp
• Metro	6 144 600
• Metro density	Халип:Infobox settlement/densdisp
Demonyms	Berliner(s) (English); Berliner (m), Berlinerin (f) (German)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Area code(s)	030
Geocode	NUTS Region: DE3
ISO 3166 code	DE-BE
Vehicle registration	B
GRP (nominal)	€155 billion (2020)
GRP per capita	€41,000 (2020)
GeoTLD	.berlin
HDI (2018)	0.950; very high · 2nd of 16
Website	berlin.de/en/

Халип:Use American English

Берлин (гер. Berlin, Герман мацӀ: [bɛʁˈliːn] ( listen))^[7] — Германиялъул тахшагьар ва гӀатӀилъиялъулги халкъалъул къадаралъулги рахъалъ бищун кӀудияб шагьар.^[8]^[9] Жиндир 3.7 миллион гӀумру гьабун чияс гьеб гьабула Европаялъул Цолъиялъул бищун халкъ гӀемераб шагьарлъун, жаниб бугеб халкъалда рекъон.^[2] Берлин ккола анцӀила анлӀго гъорлӀбутӀаяб ракьалъул цояблъун, сверун къан буго Бранденбургалъул ракьалъ ва гӀурхъилъула Потсдамгун, Бранденбургалъул тахшагьаргун. Берлиналъул урбанияб район, 4.5 миллион гӀанасеб халкъалъул къадар бугеб, ккола Германиялъул бищун халкъахарал урбаниял районазул кӀиабилеблъун, Руралдаса хадуб.^[3] Берлин-Бранденбург тахшагьарияб регионалъул буго анлӀго миллионалдаса цӀикӀкӀараб халкъ, ва гьеб ккола Германиялъул лъабабилеб бищун кӀудияб метраполитанияб регионлъун Рейн-Рур ва Рейн-Майн регионаздаса хадуб.^[10]

Тарих[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

География[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Демография[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

ХӀукумат[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Экономика[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

ГӀумруялъул хасият[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Инфраструктура[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Лъайкьей[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Маданият[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Спорт[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Ралагье гьединго[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Баянкьелал[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

↑ Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Vehicles were registered under the following prefixes: "I A" (1906 – April 1945; devalidated on 11 August 1945); no prefix, only digits (from July to August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "БM" (=BM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "ГM" (=GM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: Kommandatura of Berlin; for all of Berlin 1947–48, continued for West Berlin until 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for East Berlin 1948–53), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–90), "B" (for West Berlin from 1 July 1956, continued for all of Berlin since 1990).

РегӀелал[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Цитатаби[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

↑ "Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (немецкий). Архивация: оригинал 8 March 2021. Боси: 2 May 2019. Invalid |url-status=dead (кумек); Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (кумек)
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Цитатинабиялъул гъалатӀ:Мекъаб тег <ref>; мурад баян гьабун хъвалеб pop-detail -лъе текст бихьизабун гьечІо
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office. "Germany: Urban Areas". Архивация: 3 Юн 2020. Боси: 28 Январ 2021.
↑ "Bevölkerungsanstieg in Berlin und Brandenburg mit nachlassender Dynamik" (PDF). statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de. Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. 8 February 2019. Архивация: оригинал (PDF) 27 August 2021. Боси: 24 November 2019. Invalid |url-status=dead (кумек); Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, |archive-date= (кумек)
↑ "Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2020". www.statistikportal.de.
↑ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (английский). Боси: 13 September 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= (кумек)
↑ Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf; Mangold, Max (2015). Das Aussprachewörterbuch (7th б.). Berlin: Duden. гь. 229. ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4.
↑ Milbradt, Friederike. Deutschland: Die größten Städte (de), Die Zeit (Magazin) (6 February 2019).
↑ Leipzig überholt bei Einwohnerzahl Dortmund – jetzt Platz 8 in Deutschland (de), Leipziger Volkszeitung (1 August 2019).
↑ "Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion". www.berlin-brandenburg.de. 4 October 2016. Боси: 23 February 2019. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (кумек)

Иццал[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Edwin Mellen Pr. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6.
Gill, Anton (1993). A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars. John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-4986-1.
Gross, Leonard (1999). The Last Jews in Berlin. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-0687-7.
Large, David Clay (2001). Berlin. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02632-6.
Read, Anthony; David Fisher (1994). Berlin Rising: Biography of a City. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-03606-0.
Ribbe, Wolfgang (2002). Geschichte Berlins. Bwv – Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8305-0166-4.
Roth, Joseph (2004). What I Saw: Reports from Berlin 1920–33. Granta Books. ISBN 978-1-86207-636-5.
Daum, Andreas, ed. (2006). Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities. Berghahn. ISBN 978-0-521-84117-7.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Daum, Andreas. Kennedy in Berlin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-85824-3.
Taylor, Frederick (2007). The Berlin Wall: 13 August 1961 – 9 November 1989. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-06-078614-4.
Maclean, Rory (2014). Berlin: Imagine a City. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-84803-5.

КъватӀисел регӀелал[хисизабизе | код хисизабизе]

berlin.de — Расмияб вебсайт

[5] Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Vehicles were registered under the following prefixes: "I A" (1906 – April 1945; devalidated on 11 August 1945); no prefix, only digits (from July to August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "БM" (=BM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "ГM" (=GM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: Kommandatura of Berlin; for all of Berlin 1947–48, continued for West Berlin until 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for East Berlin 1948–53), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–90), "B" (for West Berlin from 1 July 1956, continued for all of Berlin since 1990).

[statoffice-1] "Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (немецкий). Архивация: оригинал 8 March 2021. Боси: 2 May 2019. Invalid |url-status=dead (кумек); Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (кумек)

[pop-detail-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Цитатинабиялъул гъалатӀ:Мекъаб тег <ref>; мурад баян гьабун хъвалеб pop-detail -лъе текст бихьизабун гьечІо

[citypopulation_urban-3] 3,0 ^3,1 citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office. "Germany: Urban Areas". Архивация: 3 Юн 2020. Боси: 28 Январ 2021.

[4] "Bevölkerungsanstieg in Berlin und Brandenburg mit nachlassender Dynamik" (PDF). statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de. Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. 8 February 2019. Архивация: оригинал (PDF) 27 August 2021. Боси: 24 November 2019. Invalid |url-status=dead (кумек); Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, |archive-date= (кумек)

[6] "Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2020". www.statistikportal.de.

[GlobalDataLab-7] "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (английский). Боси: 13 September 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= (кумек)

[8] Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf; Mangold, Max (2015). Das Aussprachewörterbuch (7th б.). Berlin: Duden. гь. 229. ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4.

[9] Milbradt, Friederike. Deutschland: Die größten Städte (de), Die Zeit (Magazin) (6 February 2019).

[10] Leipzig überholt bei Einwohnerzahl Dortmund – jetzt Platz 8 in Deutschland (de), Leipziger Volkszeitung (1 August 2019).

[11] "Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion". www.berlin-brandenburg.de. 4 October 2016. Боси: 23 February 2019. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (кумек)

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