Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен
Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен (гер. Ludwig van Beethoven, Герман мацӀ: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːtˌhoːfn̩] ( listen); 17 декембер 1770 – 26 март 1827) — герман композитор ва пианист. Бетгьовен ккола БакътӀерхьул музикаялъул тарихалда бищун рикӀкӀунел композиторзабазул цоявлъун; гьесул хӀалтӀаби руго классикияб музикадул репертваралда бищун гӀемер перформация гьабулезда гъорлӀ.
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- Brandenburg, Sieghard, бч. (1996). Ludwig van Beethoven: Briefwechsel. Gesamtausgabe. Munich: Henle. ISBN 978-3-87328-061-8.
- Brendel, Alfred (1991). Music Sounded Out. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-37452-331-2.
- Cassedy, Steven (Январ 2010). «Beethoven the Romantic: How E. T. A. Hoffmann Got It Right». Journal of the History of Ideas 71 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1353/jhi.0.0071.
- Clive, H.P. (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816672-6.
- Comini, Allesandra (2008). The Changing Image of Beethoven: A Study in Mythmaking. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-661-1.
- Conway, David (2012). Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01538-8.
- Cooper, Barry, бч. (1996). The Beethoven Compendium: A Guide to Beethoven's Life and Music (revised б.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-50-027871-0.
- Cooper, Barry (2008). Beethoven. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531331-4.
- Cooper, Martin (1970). Beethoven, The Last Decade 1817–1827. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-315310-6.
- Ealy, George Thomas (Spring 1994). «Of Ear Trumpets and a Resonance Plate: Early Hearing Aids and Beethoven's Hearing Perception». 19th-Century Music 17 (3): 262–273. doi:10.1525/ncm.1994.17.3.02a00050.
- Einstein, Alfred (1958). Essays on Music. London: Faber and Faber. OCLC 713913183.
- (2008) «The lead in Beethoven's hair». Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 90 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1080/02772240701630588.
- (March 1965) «Beethoven's Conversation Books». The Musical Times 106 (1465): 187–189. doi:10.2307/948240.
- Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G. (2001). "Ludwig van Beethoven". Oxford Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026.
- Lockwood, Lewis (2005). Beethoven: The Music and the Life. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32638-3.
- Lorenz, Michael (Winter 2007). «Commentary on Wawruch's Report: Biographies of Andreas Wawruch and Johann Seibert, Schindler's Responses to Wawruch's Report, and Beethoven's Medical Condition and Alcohol Consumption». Beethoven Journal 22 (2): 92–100.
- (2006) «Beethoven's terminal illness and death». Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 36 (3): 258–263. PMID 17214130.
- (2005) «The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments». Beethoven Journal 20 (1–2): 3–46.
- Morris, Edmund (2010). Beethoven: The Universal Composer. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-075975-9.
- Nettl, Paul (1994). Beethoven Encyclopedia. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7351-0113-5.
- Newman, William S. (1970). «Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals». Journal of the American Musicological Society 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617.
- (2013) «Beethoven's Studies with Joseph Haydn (With a Postscript on the Length of Beethoven's Bonn Employment)». Beethoven Journal 28 (1): 4–25.
- Rosen, Charles (1972). The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. London: Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-10234-1.
- (2011) «Beethoven's deafness and his three styles». The BMJ 343: d7589. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7589. PMID 22187391.
- (2012) «Beethoven's deafness and his three styles». The BMJ 344: e512. doi:10.1136/bmj.e512.
- Scherer, E. M. (2004). Quarter Notes and Bank Notes: the Economics of Music Composition in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-6911-1621-1.
- Skowroneck, Tilman (2002). «Beethoven's Erard Piano: Its Influence on His Compositions and on Viennese Fortepiano Building». Early Music (Oxford University Press) 30 (4): 522–538. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.4.523.
- Solomon, Maynard (1972). «Beethoven's Productivity at Bonn». Music & Letters (Oxford University Press) LIII (2): 165–172. doi:10.1093/ml/LIII.2.165.
- Solomon, Maynard (1990). Beethoven Essays. Harvard University Press. гь. 124. ISBN 978-0-674-06379-2. Боси: 4 August 2011. Check date values in:
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(кумек) - Solomon, Maynard (November 1998). Beethoven (2nd revised б.). New York: Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 978-0-8256-7268-2. Check date values in:
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(кумек) - Stanley, Glenn, бч. (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58074-8.
- (2009) «'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi». Bonner Beethoven-Studien 8: 89–152.
- Stevens, Michael (November 2013). «Lead and the Deafness of Ludwig van Beethoven». The Laryngoscope 123 (11): 2854–2858. doi:10.1002/lary.24120. PMID 23686526.
- Swafford, Jan (2014). Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-31255-9.
- Taruskin, Richard (2010). Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538482-6.
- Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967a). Forbes, Elliot (бч.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02717-3.
- Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967b). Forbes, Elliot (бч.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02718-0.
- Tyson, Alan (February 1969). «Beethoven's Heroic Phase». The Musical Times 110 (1512): 139–141. doi:10.2307/952790.
- (1993) «The Restoration of Beethoven's 1817 Broadwood Grand Piano». The Galpin Society Journal 46: 147–151. doi:10.2307/842353.