Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен

Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен (гер. Ludwig van Beethoven, Герман мацӀ: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːtˌhoːfn̩]; 17 декембер 1770 – 26 март 1827) — герман композитор ва пианист. Бетгьовен ккола БакътӀерхьул музикаялъул тарихалда бищун рикӀкӀунел композиторзабазул цоявлъун; гьесул хӀалтӀаби руго классикияб музикадул репертваралда бищун гӀемер перформация гьабулезда гъорлӀ.

РегӀелал

Иццал

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• Einstein, Alfred (1958). Essays on Music. London: Faber and Faber. OCLC 713913183.
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• Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G. (2001). "Ludwig van Beethoven". Oxford Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026.
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• Lorenz, Michael (Winter 2007). "Commentary on Wawruch's Report: Biographies of Andreas Wawruch and Johann Seibert, Schindler's Responses to Wawruch's Report, and Beethoven's Medical Condition and Alcohol Consumption". Beethoven Journal. 22 (2): 92–100. Архивация оригинал, 2021-02-16. Щвей 2023-03-30. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |url-status=хвараб (help)
• Mai, F. M. M. (2006). "Beethoven's terminal illness and death". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 36 (3): 258–263. PMID 17214130.
• Meredith, William Rhea (2005). "The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments". Beethoven Journal. 20 (1–2): 3–46. OCLC 64392567. Архивация оригинал, 2021-02-16. Щвей 2023-03-30. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |url-status=хвараб (help)
• Morris, Edmund (2010). Beethoven: The Universal Composer. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-075975-9.
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• Newman, William S. (1970). "Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617. JSTOR 830617.
• Ronge, Julia (2013). "Beethoven's Studies with Joseph Haydn (With a Postscript on the Length of Beethoven's Bonn Employment)". Beethoven Journal. 28 (1): 4–25.
• Rosen, Charles (1972). The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. London: Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-10234-1.
• Saccenti, Edoardo; Smilde, Age K; Saris, Wim H M (2011). "Beethoven's deafness and his three styles". The BMJ. 343: d7589. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7589. PMID 22187391. S2CID 206894214.
• Saccenti, Edoardo; Smilde, Age K; Saris, Wim H M (2012). "Beethoven's deafness and his three styles". The BMJ. 344: e512. doi:10.1136/bmj.e512.
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• Skowroneck, Tilman (2002). "Beethoven's Erard Piano: Its Influence on His Compositions and on Viennese Fortepiano Building". Early Music. 30 (4). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 522–538. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.4.523. JSTOR 3519211.
• Solomon, Maynard (1972). "Beethoven's Productivity at Bonn". Music & Letters. LIII (2). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 165–172. doi:10.1093/ml/LIII.2.165.
• Solomon, Maynard (1990). Beethoven Essays. Harvard University Press. гь. 124. ISBN 978-0-674-06379-2. Щвей 4 August 2011. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
• Solomon, Maynard (November 1998). Beethoven (2nd revised ред.). New York: Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 978-0-8256-7268-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Stanley, Glenn, ред. (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58074-8.
• Steblin, Rita (2009). "'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi". Bonner Beethoven-Studien. 8: 89–152.
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• Swafford, Jan (2014). Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-31255-9.
• Taruskin, Richard (2010). Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538482-6.
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• Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967b). Forbes, Elliot (ред.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. Том 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02718-0.
• Tyson, Alan (February 1969). "Beethoven's Heroic Phase". The Musical Times. 110 (1512): 139–141. doi:10.2307/952790. JSTOR 952790. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Winston, David (1993). "The Restoration of Beethoven's 1817 Broadwood Grand Piano". The Galpin Society Journal. 46: 147–151. doi:10.2307/842353. JSTOR 842353.