Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен

Лудвиг ван Бетгьовен (гер. Ludwig van Beethoven, Герман мацӀ: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːtˌhoːfn̩] ( listen); 17 декембер 1770 – 26 март 1827) — герман композитор ва пианист. Бетгьовен ккола БакътӀерхьул музикаялъул тарихалда бищун рикӀкӀунел композиторзабазул цоявлъун; гьесул хӀалтӀаби руго классикияб музикадул репертваралда бищун гӀемер перформация гьабулезда гъорлӀ.

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Ealy, George Thomas (Spring 1994). "Of Ear Trumpets and a Resonance Plate: Early Hearing Aids and Beethoven's Hearing Perception". 19th-Century Music. 17 (3): 262–273. doi:10.1525/ncm.1994.17.3.02a00050. JSTOR 746569.
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Eisinger, Josef (2008). "The lead in Beethoven's hair". Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 90 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1080/02772240701630588. S2CID 95824344.
Hammelmann, Han (March 1965). "Beethoven's Conversation Books". The Musical Times. 106 (1465): 187–189. doi:10.2307/948240. JSTOR 948240. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G. (2001). "Ludwig van Beethoven". Oxford Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026.
Lockwood, Lewis (2005). Beethoven: The Music and the Life. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32638-3.
Lorenz, Michael (Winter 2007). "Commentary on Wawruch's Report: Biographies of Andreas Wawruch and Johann Seibert, Schindler's Responses to Wawruch's Report, and Beethoven's Medical Condition and Alcohol Consumption". Beethoven Journal. 22 (2): 92–100. Архивация оригинал (2021-02-16). Щвей 2023-03-30. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |url-status=хвараб (help)
Mai, F. M. M. (2006). "Beethoven's terminal illness and death". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 36 (3): 258–263. PMID 17214130.
Meredith, William Rhea (2005). "The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments". Beethoven Journal. 20 (1–2): 3–46. OCLC 64392567. Архивация оригинал (2021-02-16). Щвей 2023-03-30. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |url-status=хвараб (help)
Morris, Edmund (2010). Beethoven: The Universal Composer. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-075975-9.
Nettl, Paul (1994). Beethoven Encyclopedia. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7351-0113-5.
Newman, William S. (1970). "Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617. JSTOR 830617.
Ronge, Julia (2013). "Beethoven's Studies with Joseph Haydn (With a Postscript on the Length of Beethoven's Bonn Employment)". Beethoven Journal. 28 (1): 4–25.
Rosen, Charles (1972). The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. London: Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-10234-1.
Saccenti, Edoardo; Smilde, Age K; Saris, Wim H M (2011). "Beethoven's deafness and his three styles". The BMJ. 343: d7589. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7589. PMID 22187391. S2CID 206894214.
Saccenti, Edoardo; Smilde, Age K; Saris, Wim H M (2012). "Beethoven's deafness and his three styles". The BMJ. 344: e512. doi:10.1136/bmj.e512.
Scherer, E. M. (2004). Quarter Notes and Bank Notes: the Economics of Music Composition in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-6911-1621-1.
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Solomon, Maynard (1990). Beethoven Essays. Harvard University Press. гь. 124. ISBN 978-0-674-06379-2. Щвей 4 August 2011. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Solomon, Maynard (November 1998). Beethoven (2nd revised ред.). New York: Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 978-0-8256-7268-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Stanley, Glenn, ред. (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58074-8.
Steblin, Rita (2009). "'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi". Bonner Beethoven-Studien. 8: 89–152.
Stevens, Michael; ва цгл. (November 2013). "Lead and the Deafness of Ludwig van Beethoven". The Laryngoscope. 123 (11): 2854–2858. doi:10.1002/lary.24120. PMID 23686526. S2CID 34595828. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Swafford, Jan (2014). Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-31255-9.
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Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967a). Forbes, Elliot (ред.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. Том 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02717-3.
Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967b). Forbes, Elliot (ред.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. Том 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02718-0.
Tyson, Alan (February 1969). "Beethoven's Heroic Phase". The Musical Times. 110 (1512): 139–141. doi:10.2307/952790. JSTOR 952790. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Winston, David (1993). "The Restoration of Beethoven's 1817 Broadwood Grand Piano". The Galpin Society Journal. 46: 147–151. doi:10.2307/842353. JSTOR 842353.