Лъамел

Лъамел (/ɬːämˈel/; латин: cellula, "гьитӀинаб рукъ"^[1]) ккола чӀаголъиялъул формабазул аслияб структуралияб ва функционалияб цобутӀа. Щибаб лъамел гӀуцӀун букӀуна мембранаялъ жаниб бачараб цитоплазмаялдаса, жинда гъорлӀ протеинал ва нуклеял цӀекӀлъелал гӀадал гӀемерал биомолекулабиги ругеб.^[2]

Лъамелазе щвезе бегьула хассал функциял, гьезда жанир тӀуразе бегьула репликация, ДНЦӀ-ялъул репарация, протеиналъул синтез гӀадал батӀи-батӀиял масъалаби. Лъамелазул букӀине бегьула специализация ва рагъардахъизе кӀвей. Жидер роцен цӀакъ гьитӀинаб букӀиналъ, лъамелал рорцуна микрометрабаздалъун.

ГӀемерисел гъветӀ-хералъулал ва рухӀчӀаголъабазулал лъамелал, жидер роцен 1-ялдаса 100 микрометралде щвезегӀан ругел, рихьизе кӀола гӀицӀго канлъулаб микроскопалъукь.^[3] Электронияб микроскопиялъ кьола дагьабги цӀикӀкӀараб бихьизе реслъи, лъамелалъул цӀакъ деталияб структура бихьизабула. Организмаби классификатинарун рукӀине бегьула цолъамелал (жидер цохӀо лъамел бугел, бактериял гӀадал) яги гӀемерлъамелал (гъветӀ-херги хӀайваналги гъорлӀе рачун) гӀадин.^[4] ГӀемерисел цолъамелал организмабазул классификация гьабула микроорганизмаби гӀадин. Гъвет-хералъулги хӀайваназулги лъамелазул къадар букӀуна батӀи-батӀияб гьезул навгӀазда рекъон; гӀага-шагарго рикӀкӀун буго инсанасул къаркъалаялда 37 trillion (3.72×10¹³) лъамел букӀин.^[5] Гьездаса гӀага-шагарго 80 миллиард ккола гӀадалнахалде.^[6]

Этимология

Лъамел абураб термин буго лъамизе, ай къотӀизе, батӀа гьабизе абураб пигӀлуялдасса бачӀараб.

Лъамелазул тайпаби

Лъамелазул формаби

Сублъамелиял компонентал

Лъамелалъул мембрана тун къватӀисел структураби

Лъамелиял процессал

ГӀемерлъамеллъи

ЛӀугьин

МугъчӀваял

^
"The Origins Of The Word 'Cell'". National Public Radio. September 17, 2010. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2021-08-05. Щвей 2021-08-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
- "cellŭla". A Latin Dictionary. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 1879. ISBN 978-1-99-985578-9. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 7 August 2021. Щвей 5 August 2021. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Check date values in: |access-date= гин |archive-date= (help); ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^ Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body Архивация 2020-01-22 Wayback Machine in Chapter 21 of Molecular Biology of the Cell Архивация 2017-09-27 Wayback Machine fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos. It is also common to describe small molecules such as amino acids as "molecular building blocks Архивация 2020-01-22 Wayback Machine".
^ Campbell NA, Williamson B, Heyden RJ (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2014-11-02. Щвей 2009-02-16.
^ Халип:NCBI-scienceprimer 30 March 2004.
^ Bianconi, Eva; Piovesan, Allison; Facchin, Federica; Beraudi, Alina; Casadei, Raffaella; Frabetti, Flavia; Vitale, Lorenza; Pelleri, Maria Chiara; Tassani, Simone; Piva, Francesco; Perez-Amodio, Soledad (2013-11-01). "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463–471. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.807878. ISSN 0301-4460. PMID 23829164. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2022-05-11. Щвей 2022-04-24.
^ Azevedo FA, Carvalho LR, Grinberg LT, Farfel JM, Ferretti RE, Leite RE, цгл. (April 2009). "Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 513 (5): 532–41. doi:10.1002/cne.21974. PMID 19226510. S2CID 5200449. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Баянкьелал

ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Morgan D, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ред.). Garland Science. гь. 2. ISBN 9780815344322.
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ред.). Garland. ISBN 9780815344322. Архивация оригинал, 2014-07-14. Щвей 2016-07-06.; The fourth edition is freely available Архивация 2009-10-11 Wayback Machine from National Center for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf.
Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipurksy SL, Darnell J (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ред.). WH Freeman: New York, NY. ISBN 9780716743668.
Cooper GM (2000). The cell: a molecular approach (2nd ред.). Washington, D.C: ASM Press. ISBN 9780878931026. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2009-06-30. Щвей 2017-08-30.

КъватӀисел регӀелал

Ингилисалда:

MBInfo – Descriptions on Cellular Functions and Processes
MBInfo – Cellular Organization Архивация 2017-07-29 Wayback Machine
Inside the Cell Архивация 2017-07-20 Wayback Machine – a science education booklet by National Institutes of Health, in PDF and ePub.
Cells Alive!
Cell Biology in "The Biology Project" of University of Arizona.
Centre of the Cell online Архивация 2022-06-25 Wayback Machine Архивация 2022-06-25 Wayback Machine
The Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology Архивация 2011-06-10 Wayback Machine, a collection of peer-reviewed still images, video clips and digital books that illustrate the structure, function and biology of the cell.
HighMag Blog, still images of cells from recent research articles.
New Microscope Produces Dazzling 3D Movies of Live Cells Архивация 2013-05-09 Wayback Machine, March 4, 2011 – Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
WormWeb.org: Interactive Visualization of the C. elegans Cell lineage – Visualize the entire cell lineage tree of the nematode C. elegans
Cell Photomicrographs

Халип:Cellular structures Халип:Biological organisation Халип:Biotechnology

[npr12-1] "The Origins Of The Word 'Cell'". National Public Radio. September 17, 2010. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2021-08-05. Щвей 2021-08-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"cellŭla". A Latin Dictionary. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 1879. ISBN 978-1-99-985578-9. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 7 August 2021. Щвей 5 August 2021. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Check date values in: |access-date= гин |archive-date= (help); ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[2] "cellŭla". A Latin Dictionary. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 1879. ISBN 978-1-99-985578-9. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 7 August 2021. Щвей 5 August 2021. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Check date values in: |access-date= гин |archive-date= (help); ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[Alberts20022-2] Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body Архивация 2020-01-22 Wayback Machine in Chapter 21 of Molecular Biology of the Cell Архивация 2017-09-27 Wayback Machine fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos. It is also common to describe small molecules such as amino acids as "molecular building blocks Архивация 2020-01-22 Wayback Machine".

[3] Campbell NA, Williamson B, Heyden RJ (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2014-11-02. Щвей 2009-02-16.

[NCBI2-4] Халип:NCBI-scienceprimer 30 March 2004.

[5] Bianconi, Eva; Piovesan, Allison; Facchin, Federica; Beraudi, Alina; Casadei, Raffaella; Frabetti, Flavia; Vitale, Lorenza; Pelleri, Maria Chiara; Tassani, Simone; Piva, Francesco; Perez-Amodio, Soledad (2013-11-01). "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463–471. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.807878. ISSN 0301-4460. PMID 23829164. Архивация оригиналалдаса, 2022-05-11. Щвей 2022-04-24.

[JCN2-6] Azevedo FA, Carvalho LR, Grinberg LT, Farfel JM, Ferretti RE, Leite RE, цгл. (April 2009). "Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 513 (5): 532–41. doi:10.1002/cne.21974. PMID 19226510. S2CID 5200449. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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